Liquid crystal display device

ABSTRACT

A liquid crystal display device is provided and includes first substrate having first and second surfaces; a liquid crystal layer; and spacers arranged between first and second surfaces, spacers including first spacer section protruding from first surface toward second surface and second spacer section protruding from second surface toward first surface, second spacer section being opposed to first spacer section with gap, or being in contact with the first spacer section, wherein spacers are arrayed in first direction and second direction crossing first direction, and spacers are connected to at least one adjacent spacer via connection section.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/538,169, filed on Aug. 12, 2019, which application is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/459,834, filed onMar. 15, 2017, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,379,404 on Aug. 13, 2019,which application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/740,915, filed on Jan. 14, 2013, and issued asU.S. Pat. No. 9,638,961 on May 2, 2017, which application claimspriority to Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2012-048708 filed inthe Japan Patent Office on Mar. 6, 2012, the entire content of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display deviceadapted to display an image, manufacturing method of the same andelectronic equipment having the same.

There is a type of liquid crystal display device that includes an arraysubstrate, opposed substrate and liquid layer. The array substrate has atransistor formed in each of a plurality of pixel regions that arearranged in a matrix form. The opposed substrate is arranged to beopposed to the array substrate. The liquid crystal layer is formedbetween the array and opposed substrates. Each of the pixel regionsincludes an opening region adapted to pass light and light-shieldingregion surrounding the opening region.

In such a liquid crystal display device, for example, an electric fieldbased on image data is supplied to the liquid crystal layer from a pixelelectrode and common electrode for each of the pixel regions, thusdisplaying a given image in each of the pixel region. This allows animage to be displayed, for example, on the outside of the opposedsubstrate.

In such a liquid crystal display device, a spacer is formed between thearray and opposed substrates to create a space in which to form theliquid crystal layer. The spacer is fixed in position, for example, onthe opposed substrate. Further, the spacer is arranged to coincide withthe light-shielding region.

Here, if the array or opposed substrate bends due to an external force,the two substrates may be misaligned with each other horizontally (inthe direction parallel to the substrate surface). In this case, thespacer may squeeze out into the opening region of the array substrate,possibly damaging, for example, the orientation film or other film andthe element arranged in the opening region. This may result in leakageof light.

In contrast, a method is available to minimize the spacer from squeezingout of the light-shielding region in which the spacer is arranged byexpanding the same region.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-206541 is referred.

SUMMARY

However, expanding the light-shielding region in which the spacer isarranged leads to a smaller opening region, thus making it difficult touse a liquid crystal display device adapted to display a high-definitionimage.

In light of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a liquid crystaldisplay device, manufacturing method of the same and electronicequipment having the same that provide reduced likelihood of the spacerdamaging the film and element arranged in the opening region while atthe same time securing an area for the opening region.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there are provideda liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method of the same andelectronic equipment having the same which will be described below.

The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a secondsubstrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first spacer section, and a secondspacer section. The first substrate has a first surface. The firstsurface includes a light-shielding region in a lattice form and aplurality of opening regions surrounded by the light-shielding region.The light-shielding region includes a plurality of first extendedportions extending in a first direction and a plurality of secondextended portions extending in a second direction that intersects thefirst direction. The first substrate has a plurality of transistorsformed thereon. The second substrate has a second surface that isopposed to and spaced from the first surface. The liquid crystal layeris arranged between the first and second surfaces. The first spacersection has long sides oriented in the second direction and is formed onone of the first or second surfaces, arranged at one of a plurality ofintersections obtained as a result of each of the plurality of firstextended portions intersecting one of the plurality of second extendedportions, and protrudes into the liquid crystal layer. The second spacersection has long sides oriented in the first direction, is formed on theother of the first or second surfaces, arranged at the intersectionwhere the first spacer section is arranged in such a manner as tointersect the first spacer section, and protrudes into the liquidcrystal layer.

Further, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceincludes forming, on a first surface of a first substrate, a firstspacer section having long sides in such a manner as to be located atone of a plurality of intersections obtained as a result of each of aplurality of first extended portions intersecting one of a plurality ofsecond extended portions and have the long sides oriented in a seconddirection, the first substrate having the first surface, the firstsurface including a light-shielding region in a lattice form and aplurality of opening regions surrounded by the light-shielding region,the light-shielding region including the plurality of first extendedportions extending in a first direction and the plurality of secondextended portions extending in the second direction that intersects thefirst direction, the first substrate having a plurality of transistorsformed thereon. The method further includes forming a second spacersection having long sides on a second surface of a second substrate,arranging the first and second substrates in such a manner that thefirst and second surfaces are opposed to and spaced from each other,that the second spacer section is arranged at the intersection where thefirst spacer section is arranged, that the second spacer section haslong sides oriented in the first direction, and that the second spacersection intersects the first spacer section, and forming a liquidcrystal layer between the first and second surfaces.

Still further, the electronic equipment includes a liquid crystaldisplay device configured to display an image. The liquid crystaldisplay device has a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquidcrystal layer, a first spacer section, and a second spacer section. Thefirst substrate has a first surface. The first surface includes alight-shielding region in a lattice form and a plurality of openingregions surrounded by the light-shielding region. The light-shieldingregion includes a plurality of first extended portions extending in afirst direction and a plurality of second extended portions extending ina second direction that intersects the first direction. The firstsubstrate has a plurality of transistors formed thereon. The secondsubstrate has a second surface that is opposed to and spaced from thefirst surface. The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the firstand second surfaces. The first spacer section has long sides oriented inthe second direction and is formed on one of the first or secondsurfaces, arranged at one of a plurality of intersections obtained as aresult of each of the plurality of first extended portions intersectingone of the plurality of second extended portions, and protrudes into theliquid crystal layer. The second spacer section has long sides orientedin the first direction, is formed on the other of the first or secondsurfaces, arranged at the intersection where the first spacer section isarranged in such a manner as to intersect the first spacer section, andprotrudes into the liquid crystal layer.

The liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method of the same andelectronic equipment provide reduced likelihood of the spacer damagingthe film and element arranged in the opening region while at the sametime securing an area for the opening region.

Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will beapparent from the following Detailed Description and the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating an array substrate and opposedsubstrate that are out of alignment with each other in the liquidcrystal display device according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a second embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of spacer sections and theirsurrounding areas;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 3;

FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams illustrating an example of a manufacturingmethod of the liquid crystal display device according to the secondembodiment;

FIG. 7 is a top view illustrating the array substrate and opposedsubstrate that are out of alignment with each other in the liquidcrystal display device according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 1;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquidcrystal display device according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 2;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquidcrystal display device according to a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 3;

FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to a fifth embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a top view illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to a sixth embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of appearance of atelevision set to which the liquid crystal display device is applied;

FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams illustrating an example of appearance ofa digital camera to which the liquid crystal display device is applied;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of appearance of a laptoppersonal computer to which the liquid crystal display device is applied;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of appearance of a videocamcorder to which the liquid crystal display device is applied; and

FIGS. 19A to 19G are diagrams illustrating an example of appearance of amobile phone to which the liquid crystal display device is applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A description will be given below of the preferred embodiments withreference to the accompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1A illustrates atop view of a liquid crystal display device 10, and FIG. 1B across-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 1A. It should be noted thatthe top view of FIG. 1A does not show an opposed substrate 2 and liquidcrystal layer 3.

The liquid crystal display device 10 includes an array substrate 1,opposed substrate 2, liquid crystal layer 3, spacer sections 4 and 5 andorientation films 8 and 9.

The array substrate 1 has, for example, a plurality of pixel regionsthat are arranged in a matrix form. TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) andpixel electrodes are formed in each of the pixel regions. A transparentglass substrate, for example, is used as the array substrate 1.

Further, the array substrate 1 has a surface 1 a and a surface 1 b onthe opposite side of the surface 1 a. The surface 1 a includes alight-shielding region 7 in a lattice form. The light-shielding region 7includes a plurality of extended portions 11 extending in the Xdirection and a plurality of extended portions 12 extending in the Ydirection. The X and Y directions are, for example, orthogonal to eachother.

Here, the light-shielding region 7 overlaps a light-shielding film(e.g., black matrix) or a light-shielding interconnect pattern such asgate and source lines formed on the array substrate 1 or opposedsubstrate 2. It should be noted that the light-shielding film is notshown.

Further, the surface 1 a has a plurality of opening regions 13 each ofwhich is surrounded by the light-shielding region 7. That is, each ofthe opening regions 13 is exposed from the light-shielding interconnectpattern such as a light-shielding film, gate lines or source linesformed on the array substrate 1 or opposed substrate 2. Here, each ofthe opening regions 13 is associated with one of the pixel regions.

A color filter and common electrode are, for example, formed on theopposed substrate 2. A transparent glass substrate, for example, is usedas the opposed substrate 2. Further, the opposed substrate 2 has asurface 2 a and a surface 2 b on the opposite side of the surface 2 a.The opposed substrate 2 is arranged in such a manner that the surface 2a is opposed to and spaced from the surface 1 a of the array substrate1.

The liquid crystal layer 3 is arranged between the surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and the surface 2 a of the opposed substrate 2. Here,an electric field based on image data is supplied to the liquid crystallayer 3 from a pixel electrode and common electrode for each of thepixel regions in the liquid crystal display device 10. This changes theorientation of liquid crystal molecules based on the supplied electricfield for each of the pixel regions.

In this condition, light from a backlight arranged on the side of thesurface 1 b of the array substrate 1 enters the liquid crystal displaydevice 10 via a polarizing plate, passes through the liquid crystallayer 3 and leaves the liquid crystal display device 10 from the surface2 b of the opposed substrate 2 via a polarizing plate, thus allowing agiven image to be displayed on the surface 2 b.

The spacer section 4 is in a shape having long sides such as ellipticalor rectangular shape. Also, the spacer section 4 is formed on thesurface la of the array substrate 1 or the surface 2 a of the opposedsubstrate 2 in such a manner as to protrude into the liquid crystallayer 3. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, the spacer section 4 is formed on thesurface 1 a of the array substrate 1. Further, the spacer section 4 hasits long sides oriented in the Y direction and is arranged at one of aplurality of intersections obtained as a result of each of the pluralityof extended portions 11 intersecting one of the plurality of extendedportions 12. It should be noted that an orientation film 8 is formed onthe surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 to cover the spacer section 4.

The spacer section 5 is in a shape having long sides such as ellipticalor rectangular shape. Also, the spacer section 5 is formed on thesurface 1 a of the array substrate 1 or the surface 2 a of the opposedsubstrate 2 in such a manner as to protrude into the liquid crystallayer 3. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, the spacer section 5 is formed on thesurface 2 a of the opposed substrate 2.

Further, the spacer section 5 has its long sides oriented in the Xdirection and is arranged at the intersection where the spacer section 4is arranged in such a manner as to intersect the spacer section 4. Thatis, the spacer sections 4 and 5 intersect as seen in the verticaldirection (direction perpendicular to the surfaces 1 a and 2 a). Itshould be noted that the orientation film 9 is formed on the surface 2 aof the opposed substrate 2 to cover the spacer section 5.

This ensures that the gap between the surface 1 a of the array substrate1 and the surface 2 a of the opposed substrate 2 is maintained constantby the spacer sections 4 and 5.

As described above, the spacer sections 4 and 5 are formed respectivelyon the array substrate 1 and opposed substrate 2 of the liquid crystaldisplay device 10. Further, the spacer section 4 has its long sidesoriented in the Y direction and is arranged at one of the plurality ofintersections obtained as a result of each of the plurality of extendedportions 11 intersecting one of the plurality of extended portions 12.The spacer section 5 has its long sides oriented in the X direction andis arranged at the intersection where the spacer section 4 is arrangedin such a manner as to intersect the spacer section 4.

This configuration ensures overlapping of the spacer sections 4 and 5even if the array substrate 1 and opposed substrate 2 are horizontally(that is, in a direction parallel to the surfaces 1 a and 2 a)misaligned due to bending of either of the substrates by an externalforce. As a result, it is possible to provide reduced likelihood of thespacer section formed on the opposed substrate 2 touching and damagingthe film such as orientation film and the element arranged in theopening region 13.

Further, this configuration contributes to reduced likelihood of thespacer formed on the opposed substrate 2 damaging the film and elementarranged in the opening region 13 without widening the width (lengthalong the Y direction) of the extended portions 11 of thelight-shielding region 7 and the width (length along the X direction) ofthe extended portions 12 of the light-shielding region 7. That is, it ispossible to provide reduced likelihood of the spacer damaging the filmand element arranged in the opening region 13 while at the same timesecuring an area for the opening region 13.

FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating the array substrate and opposedsubstrate that are out of alignment with each other in the liquidcrystal display device according to the first embodiment.

If, for example, the spacer section 5 is displaced in a diagonaldirection D1 due to horizontal misalignment between the array substrate1 and opposed substrate 2, the spacer section 5 partially overlaps anopening region 13 a. However, an edge portion 5 a of the spacer section5 overlaps an edge portion 4 a of the spacer section 4. That is, thespacer section 5 is supported by the spacer section 4 and does not touchthe film or element arranged in the opening region 13 a.

Further, if, for example, the spacer section 5 is displaced in adiagonal direction D2, the spacer section 5 partially overlaps anopening region 13 b. However, an edge portion 5 b of the spacer section5 overlaps an edge portion 4 b of the spacer section 4. That is, thespacer section 5 is supported by the spacer section 4 and does not touchthe film or element arranged in the opening region 13 a.

Second Embodiment

A description will be given next of a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged viewof the spacer sections and their surrounding areas. FIG. 5 is across-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 3. It should be noted thatnot only the components of an opposed substrate 30 other than a spacersection 74 but also a pixel electrode 68 are not shown in FIG. 3.

A liquid crystal display device 100 includes an array substrate 20,opposed substrate 30 and liquid crystal layer 40. A pixel electrode 68is formed on the array substrate 20, and a common electrode 73 on theopposed substrate 30 in the liquid crystal display device 100. Amongsuch liquid crystal display devices are TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, VA(Vertical Alignment) mode and ECB (Electrically ControlledBirefringence) mode liquid crystal display devices.

A description will be given first of the array substrate 20.

The array substrate 20 includes a transparent substrate 21 having asurface 21 a and a surface 21 b on the opposite side of the surface 21a. A glass substrate, for example, is used as the transparent substrate21. The surface 21 a includes a light-shielding region 50 in a latticeform. The light-shielding region 50 includes a plurality of extendedportions 51 extending in the X direction and a plurality of extendedportions 52 extending in the Y direction. It should be noted that the Xand Y directions are orthogonal to each other.

Here, the light-shielding region 50 overlaps a light-shielding film(e.g., black matrix) or a light-shielding interconnect pattern such asgate lines 61 and source lines 63 formed on the array substrate 20 oropposed substrate 30. It should be noted that the light-shielding filmis not shown. Further, the width (length in the Y direction) of theextended portions 51 of the light-shielding region 50 is greater thanthat (length in the X direction) of the extended portions 52 of thelight-shielding region 50. It should be noted that a polarizing plateand backlight are arranged on the side of the surface 21 b.

Still further, the surface 21 a has a plurality of opening regions 53each of which is surrounded by the light-shielding region 50. That is,each of the opening regions 53 is exposed from the light-shieldinginterconnect pattern such as a light-shielding film, the gate lines 61or source lines 63 formed on the array substrate 20 or opposed substrate30.

The plurality of gate lines 61 are formed on the surface 21 a of thetransparent substrate 21, each in such a manner as to extend in the Xdirection and overlap one of the extended portions 51 of thelight-shielding region 50. A metal film, for example, is used as each ofthe gate lines 61. Further, an interlayer insulating film 62 is formedabove the surface 21 a to cover the gate lines 61. Still further, theplurality of source lines 63 are formed on the interlayer insulatingfilm 62, each in such a manner as to extend in the Y direction andoverlap one of the extended portions 52 of the light-shielding region50. A metal film, for example, is used as each of the source lines 63.

It should be noted that each of the regions surrounded by the twoadjacent gate lines 61 and two adjacent source lines 63 on the surface21 a corresponds to a pixel region. A transistor including a gateelectrode 61 a, semiconductor layer 64 and drain electrode 65 is formedin each of the pixel regions.

The semiconductor layer 64 has its one end connected to the drainelectrode 65 and its other end connected to the source line 63. Further,the gate electrode 61 a is arranged in such a manner as to overlap thesemiconductor layer 64 with a gate insulating film providedtherebetween. The same electrode 61 a is connected to the gate line 61.That is, this transistor controls the passage of current between thesource line 63 and drain electrode 65 based on the voltage supplied tothe gate line 61.

Further, an organic insulating film 66 is formed on the interlayerinsulating film 62 to cover the source lines 63. Here, part of theorganic insulating film 66 protrudes in the direction away from thesurface 21 a of the transparent substrate 21. This protruding portionforms a spacer section 67. The spacer section 67 protrudes 0.2 μm ormore into the opening regions 53.

The spacer section 67 is in a shape having long sides. Further, thespacer section 67 is arranged at one of the plurality of intersectionsobtained as a result of each of the plurality of extended portions 51intersecting one of the plurality of extended portions 52 in such amanner as to have its long sides oriented in the Y direction. It shouldbe noted that the plurality of spacer sections 67 may be formed. In thiscase, the spacer sections 67 are arranged at some of the plurality ofintersections rather than all thereof.

Further, the spacer section 67 has edge portions 67 a and 67 b and anintermediate portion 67 c provided between the edge portions 67 a and 67b. The edge portions 67 a and 67 b are arranged to overlap one of theextended portions 52 of the light-shielding region 50. The intermediateportion 67 c is arranged to overlap one of the extended portions 51.Here, a width W1 of the intermediate portion 67 c is greater than awidth W2 of the edge portions 67 a and 67 b.

Still further, a plurality of pixel electrodes 68 are formed on theorganic insulating film 66 to expose a top surface 67 d of the spacersection 67. Each of the pixel electrodes 68 is connected to one of thedrain electrodes 65. A transparent electrode made, for example, of ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) is used as the pixelelectrode 68. Further, an orientation film 69 is formed on the organicinsulating film 66 to cover the top surface 67 d of the spacer section67 and the pixel electrodes 68.

A description will be given next of the opposed substrate 30.

The opposed substrate 30 includes a transparent substrate 31 having asurface 31 a and a surface 31 b on the opposite side of the surface 31a. A glass substrate, for example, is used as the transparent substrate31. The transparent substrate 31 is arranged in such a manner that thesurface 31 a is opposed to the surface 21 a of the transparent substrate21. It should be noted that a polarizing plate is arranged on the sideof the surface 31 b.

Color filters 71 a, 71 b and 71 c are formed on the surface 31 a of thetransparent substrate 31. For example, the color filters 71 a, 71 b and71 c are red, blue and green color filters, respectively. The colorfilters 71 a, 71 b and 71 c are provided for each of the pixel regions.

Further, an overcoat layer 72 is formed on the color filters 71 a, 71 band 71 c. Still further, the common electrode 73 is formed on theovercoat layer 72. A transparent electrode made, for example, of ITO orIZO is used as the common electrode 73.

Still further, the spacer section 74 is formed on the common electrode73. The same section 74 is made, for example, of an acrylic resin. Onthe other hand, the spacer section 74 is in an elliptical shape. Itshould be noted that the spacer section 74 may be in a rectangular shaperather than an elliptical shape.

Then, the spacer section 74 has its long sides oriented in the Xdirection and is arranged at the intersection of the light-shieldingregion 50 where the spacer section 67 of the array substrate 20 isarranged in such a manner as to intersect the spacer section 67. Thatis, the spacer sections 67 and 74 intersect as seen in the verticaldirection (direction perpendicular to the surface 21 a of thetransparent substrate 21 and the surface 31 a of the transparentsubstrate 31). Further, the spacer section 74 is arranged to overlap oneof the extended portions 51 of the light-shielding region 50. Thisensures that the gap between the array substrate 20 and opposedsubstrate 30 is maintained constant by the spacer sections 67 and 74.

Further, an orientation film 75 is formed above the overcoat layer 72 tocover the common electrode 73 and spacer section 74. Here, theorientation film 75 covering a top surface 74 a of the spacer section 74and the orientation film 69 covering the top surface 67 d of the spacersection 67 of the array substrate 20 are in contact with each other.

A description will be given next of the liquid crystal layer 40.

The liquid crystal layer 40 is formed between the orientation film 69 ofthe array substrate 20 and the orientation film 75 of the opposedsubstrate 30. Here, the spacer section 67 of the array substrate 20 andthe spacer section 74 of the opposed substrate 30 are formed to protrudeinto the liquid crystal layer 40.

A description will be given next of the operation of the liquid crystaldisplay device 100 adapted to display an image.

In the liquid crystal display device 100, for example, a control signalis supplied to the gate lines 61, and a data signal to the source lines63, thus allowing an electric field based on image data to be suppliedto the liquid crystal layer 40 from the pixel electrode 68 and commonelectrode 73 for each of the pixel regions. This changes the orientationof liquid crystal molecules based on the supplied electric field foreach of the pixel regions.

In this condition, light from a backlight arranged on the side of thesurface 21 b of the transparent substrate 21 enters the liquid crystaldisplay device 100 via a polarizing plate, passes through the liquidcrystal layer 40 and leaves the liquid crystal display device 100 fromthe surface 31 b of the transparent substrate 31 via a polarizing plate,thus allowing a given color image to be displayed on the surface 31 b.

A description will be given next of the manufacturing method of theliquid crystal display device 100.

FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams illustrating an example of the manufacturingmethod of the liquid crystal display device according to the secondembodiment.

First, as illustrated in FIG. 6A, the gate lines 61, gate electrodes 61a, semiconductor layer 64 and interlayer insulating film 62 are formedon the surface 21 a of the transparent substrate 21, followed by theformation of the source lines 63 and drain electrodes 65 on theinterlayer insulating film 62. Here, each of the drain electrodes 65 isconnected to the semiconductor layer 64 via a contact hole 62 a providedin the interlayer insulating film 62.

The gate lines 61, source lines 63 and drain electrodes 65 are formed,for example, by forming a metal film on the underlying layer bysputtering technique and then etching the metal film using a resist maskformed by photolithography technique.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 6B, the organic insulating film 66 isformed on the interlayer insulating film 62 to cover the source lines 63and drain electrodes 65. The organic insulating film 66 is formed, forexample, by applying an organic material to the interlayer insulatingfilm 62.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 6C, the organic insulating film 66 ishalf-etched with a given region left unetched. More specifically, theorganic insulating film 66 is half-exposed and developed with a givenregion left unexposed. The region left unetched serves as the spacersection 67. It should be noted that a contact hole 66 a is provided atthis time in the organic insulating film 66.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 6D, the pixel electrodes 68 are formed.Here, each of the pixel electrodes 68 is connected to the drainelectrode 65 via a contact hole 66 a. The pixel electrodes 68 areformed, for example, by forming an ITO film on the organic insulatingfilm 66 by sputtering technique, then etching the ITO film using aresist mask formed by photolithography technique, and finally thermallytreating the etched film.

Then, the orientation film 69 is formed on the organic insulating film66 in such a manner as to cover the pixel electrodes 68, thus formingthe array substrate 20. Next, the opposed substrate 30 is arranged abovethe array substrate 20 in such a manner that the surface 21 a of thetransparent substrate 21 is opposed to the surface 31 a of thetransparent substrate 31 with a predetermined distance kepttherebetween. Then, the liquid crystal layer 40 is formed between thearray substrate 20 and opposed substrate 30, thus forming the liquidcrystal display device 100.

As described above, the spacer sections 67 and 74 are formedrespectively on the array substrate 20 and opposed substrate 30 in theliquid crystal display device 100. Further, the spacer section 67 hasits long sides oriented in the Y direction and is arranged at one of theplurality of intersections obtained as a result of each of the pluralityof extended portions 51 of the light-shielding region 50 intersectingone of the plurality of extended portions 52 of the light-shieldingregion 50. Still further, the spacer section 74 has its long sidesoriented in the X direction and is arranged at the intersection of thelight-shielding region 50 where the spacer section 67 is arranged insuch a manner as to intersect the spacer section 67.

This configuration ensures overlapping of the spacer sections 67 and 74even if the array substrate 20 and opposed substrate 30 are horizontally(in the direction parallel to the surfaces 21 a and 31 a) misaligned dueto bending of either of the substrates by an external force. As aresult, it is possible to provide reduced likelihood of the spacersection 74 touching and damaging the film such as orientation film 69and the element arranged in the opening region 53.

Further, this configuration contributes to reduced likelihood of thespacer section 74 touching and damaging the film and element arranged inthe opening region 53 without widening the width (length along the Ydirection) of the extended portions 51 of the light-shielding region 50and the width (length along the X direction) of the extended portions 52of the light-shielding region 50. That is, it is possible to providereduced likelihood of the spacer section 74 damaging the film andelement arranged in the opening region 53 while at the same timesecuring an area for the opening region 53.

FIG. 7 is a top view illustrating the array substrate and opposedsubstrate that are out of alignment with each other in the liquidcrystal display device according to the second embodiment.

If, for example, the spacer section 74 is displaced in a diagonaldirection D11 due to horizontal misalignment between the array substrate20 and opposed substrate 30, the spacer section 74 partially overlaps anopening region 53 a. However, an edge portion 74 b of the spacer section74 overlaps an edge portion 67 a of the spacer section 67. That is, thespacer section 74 is supported by the spacer section 67 and does nottouch the orientation film 69 arranged in the opening region 53 a.

Further, if, for example, the spacer section 74 is displaced in adiagonal direction D12, the spacer section 74 partially overlaps anopening region 53 b. However, an edge portion 74 c of the spacer section74 overlaps an edge portion 67 b of the spacer section 67. That is, thespacer section 74 is supported by the spacer section 67 and does nottouch the orientation film 69 arranged in the opening region 53 b.

Still further, in the liquid crystal display device 100, the spacersection 67 having its long sides oriented in the Y direction extends insuch a manner as to overlap the extended portion 52 that is narrowerthan the extended portion 51. As a result, it is necessary for thespacer section 67 to be more accurate in size and position than thespacer section 74 having its long sides oriented in the X direction.

In the liquid crystal display device 100, the spacer section 67 havingits long sides oriented in the Y direction is formed on the side of thearray substrate 20. The reduced projection and reset-and-repeat(stepper) photolithography process is used for the array substrate 20,thus allowing for micropatterning of the array substrate 20. This makesit possible to form the spacer section 67 with high accuracy in size andposition without significantly changing the manufacturing steps.

It should be noted that the one-to-one projection and proximity exposure(one-shot exposure or mirror projection aligner) lithography process isused for the opposed substrate 30. For example, the line width andpositional accuracy for the opposed substrate 30 is on the order ofmicrons. In contrast, that for the array substrate 20 is on the order ofsubmicrons.

In the liquid crystal display device 100, on the other hand, the spacersection 67 has the edge portions 67 a and 67 b and the intermediateportion 67 c provided between the edge portions 67 a and 67 b. Further,the width W1 of the intermediate portion 67 c is greater than the widthW2 of the edge portions 67 a and 67 b. This configuration provides, forexample, the spacer section 67 with more resistance to the pressurecaused by the spacer section 67 being pressed by the spacer section 74when a vertical force is applied to the opposed substrate 30.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device 100, the spacer section 67includes part of the organic insulating film 66. That is, the spacersection 67 is made of the same material as the organic insulating film66. This configuration makes it possible to form the spacer section 67without using any new material, thus contributing to reduced cost of theliquid crystal display device 100.

Still further, in the liquid crystal display device 100, the spacersection 67 is formed by half-etching the organic insulating film 66 witha given region left unetched. This configuration makes it possible toform the spacer section 67 without significantly increasing the numberof steps.

Modification Example 1

A description will be given next of a modification example of the secondembodiment as modification example 1.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 1.

A liquid crystal display device 110 differs from the liquid crystaldisplay device 100 in that a spacer section 81 is formed rather than thespacer section 67. The liquid crystal display device 110 is the same asthe liquid crystal display device 100 in all the other respects. Thespacer section 81 is made, for example, of an acrylic resin. It shouldbe noted that the spacer section 81 is the same in shape and arrangementas the spacer section 67.

That is, the spacer section 67 is formed with part of the organicinsulating film 66 in the liquid crystal display device 100. Incontrast, the spacer section 81 is formed separately from the organicinsulating film 66 in the liquid crystal display device 110. Thisconfiguration makes it possible, for example, to select a material moreresistant to force as the spacer section 81.

Further, the liquid crystal display device 110 also provides reducedlikelihood of the spacer section 74 damaging the film and elementarranged in the opening region 53 while at the same time securing anarea for the same region 53.

Third Embodiment

A description will be given next of a third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquidcrystal display device according to the third embodiment.

A liquid crystal display device 120 differs from the liquid crystaldisplay device 100 according to the second embodiment in that a commonelectrode 73 a is formed on the side of the array substrate 20 ratherthan the opposed substrate 30. In the liquid crystal display device 120,the common electrode 73 a is formed on the organic insulating film 66 tocover the top surface 67 d of the spacer section 67. It should be notedthat among liquid crystal display devices having its common electrodeformed on the side of the array substrate are FFS (Fringe FieldSwitching) mode liquid crystal display devices.

Further, an insulating film 82 is formed above the organic insulatingfilm 66 to cover the common electrode 73 a. An inorganic insulating filmis used as the insulating film 82. Among inorganic insulating films aresilicon oxide film (SiO₂) and silicon nitride films (SiN). Then, thepixel electrodes 68 are formed on the insulating film 82. Further, theorientation film 69 is formed to cover the pixel electrodes 68. Itshould be noted that the liquid crystal display device 120 is the sameas the liquid crystal display device 100 in all the other respects.

The liquid crystal display device 120 also provides reduced likelihoodof the spacer section 74 damaging the film and element arranged in theopening region 53 while at the same time securing an area for theopening region 53 as does the liquid crystal display device 100.

Modification Example 2

A description will be given next of a modification example of the thirdembodiment as modification example 2.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 2.

A liquid crystal display device 130 differs from the liquid crystaldisplay device 120 in that the common electrode 73 a and insulating film82 are formed by exposing the top surface 67 d of the spacer section 67.The liquid crystal display device 130 is the same as the liquid crystaldisplay device 120 in all the other respects.

That is, in the liquid crystal display device 130, the common electrode73 a and insulating film 82 are not sandwiched by the spacer sections 67and 74. This minimizes cracking of the insulating film 82 and damage tothe common electrode 73 a in the case that the spacer section 67 ispressed by the spacer section 74.

Further, the liquid crystal display device 130 also provides reducedlikelihood of the spacer section 74 damaging the film and elementarranged in the opening region 53 while at the same time securing anarea for the opening region 53.

Fourth Embodiment

A description will be given next of a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquidcrystal display device according to the fourth embodiment.

A liquid crystal display device 140 includes two sections, i.e., asection 140 a that has the same structure as the liquid crystal displaydevice 120 according to the third embodiment and a section 140 b thathas the same structure as the liquid crystal display device 120 exceptthat the spacer section 67 is not formed.

That is, the liquid crystal display device 140 includes the twosections, i.e., the section 140 a in which the spacer sections 67 and 74are formed as a pair, and the section 140 b in which only one of thespacer sections 67 and 74, namely, the spacer section 74, is formed. Itshould be noted that the section 140 b may have only the spacer section67 formed therein rather than the spacer section 74.

In other words, in the section 140 a of the liquid crystal displaydevice 140, the spacer section 74 rests on (is supported by) the spacersection 67. In the section 140 b thereof, on the other hand, the spacersection 74 is left floating.

Here, when the liquid crystal display device 140 vibrates due to asudden large force caused, for example, by a shock resulting from afall, the following problem may arise if the space (gap) between thearray substrate 20 and opposed substrate 30 is difficult to deform. Thatis, the gap is put under vacuum pressure, thus causing part of theliquid crystal layer 40 or the gases dissolved therein to evaporate andkeeping air bubbles trapped therein.

In contrast, the section 140 b of the liquid crystal display device 140has the spacer section 74 floating. Therefore, if an external verticalforce is suddenly applied, this force is concentrated on the spacersection 67 of the section 140 a. This causes the spacer section 67 ofthe section 140 a to elastically deform, thus causing the gap to deformwith ease. As a result, it is possible to minimize air bubbles in thegap.

On the other hand, when a vertical force is statically applied to theliquid crystal display device 140 as when the surface 31 b of thetransparent substrate 31 is pressed with a finger, the spacer section 74of the section 140 b rests on the array substrate 20. This allows thevertical force to be distributed over the spacer section 67 of thesection 140 a and the spacer section 74 of the section 140 b, thusminimizing the elastic deformation and crushing of the spacer section67. As a result, it is possible to minimize inconsistent image displaycaused by crushing of the spacer section 67.

Further, the liquid crystal display device 140 also provides reducedlikelihood of the spacer section 74 touching and damaging the film andelement arranged in the opening region 53 while at the same timesecuring an area for the opening region 53.

Modification Example 3

A description will be given next of a modification example of the fourthembodiment as modification example 3.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating modification example 3.

A liquid crystal display device 150 includes a section 150 a that isconfigured in the same manner as the counterpart of the liquid crystaldisplay device 120 of the third embodiment. Further, the liquid crystaldisplay device 150 includes a section 150 b that has the same structureas the liquid crystal display device 130 according to modificationexample 2 except that the gap between the array substrate 20 and opposedsubstrate 30 is larger so as to keep a distance between the orientationfilms 69 and 75.

That is, in the section 150 a of the liquid crystal display device 150,the spacer section 74 rests on the spacer section 67. In the section 150b thereof, on the other hand, the spacer section 74 is left floating.Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 150 minimizes air bubblesin the gap and non-uniformity on image display as does the liquidcrystal display device 140.

Further, the liquid crystal display device 150 also provides reducedlikelihood of the spacer section 74 touching and damaging the film andelement arranged in the opening region 53 while at the same timesecuring an area for the opening region 53.

Fifth Embodiment

A description will be given next of a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the fifth embodiment.

A liquid crystal display device 160 has the same structure as the liquidcrystal display device 100 of the second embodiment except that theplurality of pairs of spacer sections 67 and 74 are formed. Further,each of the spacer sections 67 is connected to the other spacer section67 adjacent thereto in the Y direction via a connection section 83. Theconnection sections 83 are, for example, formed integrally with thespacer sections 67.

Still further, each of the spacer sections 74 is connected to the otherspacer section 74 adjacent thereto in the X direction via a connectionsection 84. The connection sections 84 are, for example, formedintegrally with the spacer sections 74. The liquid crystal displaydevice 160 is the same as the liquid crystal display device 100 in allthe other respects.

This configuration provides reduced likelihood of the spacer section 74touching and damaging the film and element arranged in the openingregion 53 while at the same time securing an area for the opening region53. Further, this configuration ensures, for example, that theconnection sections 84 are supported by the connection sections 83 evenif the array substrate 20 and opposed substrate 30 become significantlymisaligned horizontally with each other, thus providing reducedlikelihood of the spacer section 74 touching the film and elementarranged in the opening region 53.

Sixth Embodiment

A description will be given next of a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a top view illustrating an example of a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the sixth embodiment.

A liquid crystal display device 170 has the same structure as the liquidcrystal display device 100 of the second embodiment except that theplurality of pairs of spacer sections 67 and 74 are formed. Further, thespacer sections 74 that are adjacent to each other in the Y directionare arranged to be misaligned with each other in the opposite directionsalong the X direction.

For example, the spacer sections 74 in the second row from the top andadjacent to each other in the X direction are shifted in such a manneras to be closer to each other. On the other hand, those in the first andthird rows from the top and adjacent to each other in the X directionare shifted in such a manner as to be farther away from each other. Itshould be noted that the spacer sections 74 adjacent to each other inthe X direction may be arranged to be misaligned with each other in theopposite directions along the Y direction. The liquid crystal displaydevice 170 is the same as the liquid crystal display device 100 in allthe other respects.

This configuration provides reduced likelihood of the spacer section 74touching and damaging the film and element arranged in the openingregion 53 while at the same time securing an area for the opening region53.

Module and Application Examples

A description will be given next of application examples of the liquidcrystal display devices described in the above embodiments withreference to FIGS. 15 to 19G. The liquid crystal display devicesaccording to the above embodiments are applicable to electronicequipment across all disciplines adapted to display a video signalexternally fed thereto or generated therein as an image or picture.Among examples of electronic equipment are a television set, digitalcamera, laptop personal computer, personal digital assistance such asmobile phone and video camcorder.

Application Example 1

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of appearance of a television set towhich the liquid crystal display device is applied. This television sethas, for example, a video display screen section 510 including a frontpanel 511 and filter glass 512. The video display screen section 510includes the liquid crystal display device according to one of the aboveembodiments.

Application Example 2

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate an example of appearance of a digitalcamera to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. FIG. 16Ais a perspective view as seen from the front, and FIG. 16B a perspectiveview as seen from the rear. This digital camera has, for example, aflash-emitting section 521, display section 522, menu switch 523 andshutter button 524. The display section 522 includes the liquid crystaldisplay device according to one of the above embodiments.

Application Example 3

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of appearance of a laptop personalcomputer to which the liquid crystal display device is applied. Thislaptop personal computer has, for example, a main body 531, keyboard 532adapted to be manipulated for entry of text or other information and adisplay section 533 adapted to display an image. The display section 533includes the liquid crystal display device according to one of the aboveembodiments.

Application Example 4

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of appearance of a video camcorder towhich the liquid crystal display device is applied. This video camcorderhas, for example, a main body section 541, lens 542 provided on thefront-facing side surface of the main body section 541 to capture theimage of the subject, imaging start/stop switch 543 and display section544. The display section 544 includes the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to one of the above embodiments.

Application Example 5

FIGS. 19A to 19G illustrate an example of appearance of a mobile phoneto which the liquid crystal display device is applied. FIG. 19A is afront view of the mobile phone in an open position, FIG. 19B a side viewthereof in FIG. 19A, FIG. 19C a front view thereof in a closed position,FIG. 19D a left side view thereof in FIG. 19C, FIG. 19E a right sideview thereof in FIG. 19C, FIG. 19F a top side view thereof in FIG. 19C,and FIG. 19G a bottom side view thereof in FIG. 19C.

This mobile phone is made up, for example, of an upper enclosure 710 andlower enclosure 720 that are connected together with a connectingsection (hinge section) 730 and has a display 740, subdisplay 750,picture light 760 and camera 770. Each of the display 740 and subdisplay750 includes the liquid crystal display device according to one of theabove embodiments.

It should be noted that the present application may have the followingconfigurations.

-   -   (1) A liquid crystal display device including:    -   a first substrate having a first surface, the first surface        including a light-shielding region in a lattice form and a        plurality of opening regions surrounded by the light-shielding        region, the light-shielding region including a plurality of        first extended portions extending in a first direction and a        plurality of second extended portions extending in a second        direction that intersects the first direction, the first        substrate having a plurality of transistors formed thereon;    -   a second substrate having a second surface that is opposed to        and spaced from the first surface;    -   a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first and second        surfaces;    -   a first spacer section having long sides oriented in the second        direction and formed on one of the first or second surfaces,        arranged at one of a plurality of intersections obtained as a        result of each of the plurality of first extended portions        intersecting one of the plurality of second extended portions        and protruding into the liquid crystal layer; and    -   a second spacer section having long sides oriented in the first        direction, formed on the other of the first or second surfaces,        arranged at the intersection where the first spacer section is        arranged in such a manner as to intersect the first spacer        section and protruding into the liquid crystal layer.    -   (2) The liquid crystal display device according to the paragraph        (1), in which    -   a gate line is formed on each of the plurality of first extended        portions,    -   a source line is formed on each of the plurality of second        extended portions,    -   an insulating film is formed above the first surface to cover        the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines,    -   the first spacer section is formed on the insulating film, and    -   the second spacer section is formed above the second surface.    -   (3) The liquid crystal display device according to the paragraph        (2), in which    -   the first spacer section has two edge portions oriented in the        longitudinal direction and an intermediate portion between the        two edge portions, and    -   the width of the intermediate portion is greater than that of        either or both of the edge portions.    -   (4) The liquid crystal display device according to the        paragraph (2) or (3), in which    -   the first spacer section is made of the same material as the        insulating film.    -   (5) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of        the paragraphs (2) to (4), in which    -   a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode are        formed on the insulating film, and    -   the common electrode is formed to cover the first spacer        section.    -   (6) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of        the paragraphs (2) to (4), in which    -   a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode are        formed on the insulating film, and    -   the common electrode is formed to expose the first spacer        section.    -   (7) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of        the paragraphs (1) to (6), in which    -   the plurality of first spacer sections and the plurality of        second spacer sections are formed, and    -   each of the plurality of first spacer sections and the plurality        of second spacer sections is arranged at one of the plurality of        intersections.    -   (8) The liquid crystal display device according to the paragraph        (7), in which    -   the plurality of first spacer sections are arranged at some of        the plurality of intersections rather than all thereof.    -   (9) The liquid crystal display device according to the        paragraph (7) or (8), in which    -   each of the plurality of first spacer sections includes a third        spacer section and a fourth spacer section lower in height than        the third spacer section.    -   (10) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of        the paragraphs (7) to (9), in which    -   the plurality of first or second spacer sections are connected        to each other.    -   (11) The liquid crystal display device according to any one of        the paragraphs (7) to (9), in which    -   of the plurality of first or second spacer sections, those        adjacent to each other in one of the first or second directions        are arranged to be misaligned with each other in the opposite        directions along the other of the first or second directions.    -   (12) A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device        including:    -   forming, on a first surface of a first substrate, a first spacer        section having long sides in such a manner as to be located at        one of a plurality of intersections obtained as a result of each        of a plurality of first extended portions intersecting one of a        plurality of second extended portions and have the long sides        oriented in a second direction, the first substrate having the        first surface, the first surface including a light-shielding        region in a lattice form and a plurality of opening regions        surrounded by the light-shielding region, the light-shielding        region including the plurality of first extended portions        extending in a first direction and the plurality of second        extended portions extending in the second direction that        intersects the first direction, the first substrate having a        plurality of transistors formed thereon;    -   forming a second spacer section having long sides on a second        surface of a second substrate;    -   arranging the first and second substrates in such a manner that        the first and second surfaces are opposed to and spaced from        each other, that the second spacer section is arranged at the        intersection where the first spacer section is arranged, that        the second spacer section has long sides oriented in the first        direction, and that the second spacer section intersects the        first spacer section; and    -   forming a liquid crystal layer between the first and second        surfaces.    -   (13) The manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device        according to the paragraph (12), in which    -   a gate line is formed on each of the plurality of first extended        portions, and a source line is formed on each of the plurality        of second extended portions, and    -   the process of forming the first spacer section includes        -   forming, on the first surface, an insulating film in such a            manner as to cover the plurality of gate lines and the            plurality of source lines, and        -   half-etching the formed insulating film with part of the            insulating film left unetched.    -   (14) Electronic equipment including:    -   a liquid crystal display device configured to display an image,        the liquid crystal display device having        -   a first substrate having a first surface, the first surface            including a light-shielding region in a lattice form and a            plurality of opening regions surrounded by the            light-shielding region, the light-shielding region including            a plurality of first extended portions extending in a first            direction and a plurality of second extended portions            extending in a second direction that intersects the first            direction, the first substrate having a plurality of            transistors formed thereon,        -   a second substrate having a second surface that is opposed            to and spaced from the first surface;        -   a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first and second            surfaces,        -   a first spacer section having long sides oriented in the            second direction and formed on one of the first or second            surfaces, arranged at one of a plurality of intersections            obtained as a result of each of the plurality of first            extended portions intersecting one of the plurality of            second extended portions and protruding into the liquid            crystal layer, and        -   a second spacer section having long sides oriented in the            first direction, formed on the other of the first or second            surfaces, arranged at the intersection where the first            spacer section is arranged in such a manner as to intersect            the first spacer section and protruding into the liquid            crystal layer.

It should be understood that various changes and modifications to thepresently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent tothose skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present subjectmatter and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is thereforeintended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appendedclaims.

1. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate havinga first surface; a second substrate having a second surface that isopposed to and spaced from the first surface; a liquid crystal layer;and a plurality of spacers arranged between the first and secondsurfaces, each of the spacers including a first spacer sectionprotruding from the first surface toward the second surface and a secondspacer section protruding from the second surface toward the firstsurface, the second spacer section being opposed to the first spacersection with a gap, or being in contact with the first spacer section,wherein the spacers are arrayed in a first direction and a seconddirection crossing the first direction, and each of the spacers isconnected to at least one adjacent spacer via a connection section. 2.The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein theconnection section connects the first spacer sections adjacent to eachother in the second direction.
 3. The liquid crystal display deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the first spacer section is lengthwise inthe second direction and has a width in the first direction, and theconnection section extends in the second direction and has a width inthe first direction.
 4. The liquid crystal display device according toclaim 3, wherein the width of the connection section is less than thewidth of the first spacer section, in the first direction.
 5. The liquidcrystal display device according to claim 4 further comprising alight-shielding region that is in a lattice form and includes a firstshielding region extending in the first direction and has a width in thesecond direction, a second shielding region extending in the seconddirection and has a width in the first direction, and a crossing portionat which the first shielding region and the second shielding regioncross each other; and opening regions surrounded by the light-shieldingregion, wherein the spacers are arrayed at the crossing portions, and inthe first direction, the width of the second shielding region is greaterthan the width of the connection section and less than the width of thefirst spacer section.
 6. The liquid crystal display device according toclaim 5, wherein, in the second direction, the width of the secondspacer section is less than the width of the first shielding region. 7.The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein theconnection section connects the second spacer sections adjacent to eachother.
 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7,wherein the second spacer section is lengthwise in the first directionand has a width in the second direction, and the connection section isextended in the first direction and has a width in the second direction.9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 8, wherein inthe second direction, the width of the connection section is less thanthe width of the second spacer section.
 10. The liquid crystal displaydevice according to claim 9, further comprising a light-shielding regionthat is in a lattice form and includes a first shielding region extendedin the first direction and has a width in the second direction, a secondshielding region extended in the second direction and has a width in thefirst direction, and a crossing portion at which the first shieldingregion and the second shielding region cross each other; and openingregions surrounded by the light-shielding region, wherein the spacersare arrayed at the crossing portions, and in the second direction, thewidth of the first shielding region is greater than the width of theconnection section and greater than the width of the second spacersection.
 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 10,wherein, in the first direction, a width of the first spacer section isgreater than a width of the second shielding region.
 12. The liquidcrystal display device according to claim 10, wherein one or more of thesecond shieling portions are provided between the second spacer sectionsthat are adjacent to each other in the first direction and that areconnected by the connection section.
 13. The liquid crystal displaydevice according to claim 10, wherein the connection section crosses oneor more of the second shielding regions between the second spacersections adjacent to each other in the first direction.
 14. A liquidcrystal display device comprising: a first substrate having a firstsurface; a second substrate having a second surface that is opposed toand spaced from the first surface; a liquid crystal layer; a pluralityof spacers arrayed in a first direction and a second direction crossingthe first direction between the first and second surfaces, each of thespacers including a first spacer section protruding from the firstsurface into the liquid crystal layer and a second spacer sectionprotruding from the second surface into the liquid crystal layer, thesecond spacer section being opposed to the first spacer section with agap or being in contact with the first spacer section; and a connectionsection connecting the spacers adjacent each other, the connectionsection having a first connection section that connects the first spacersections adjacent each other in the second direction and a secondconnection section that connects the second spacer sections adjacenteach other in the first direction.